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Most damage in viral infections is caused by not the virus but by you!

There are very few viruses that cause tissue damage. These are called cytolytic viruses. Most viruses are non-cytolytic. Clinical symptoms of viral disease (fever, aches, pains, nausea, malaise) are caused by our immune system's response to infection. This is why immunopathoplogy is called too much of a good thing.

An enteroviral infection, and in particular to coxsackievirus B3, can cause extensive heart tissue damage (myocarditis) requiring heart transplant.  The heart tissue damage is caused by CTLs in our immune system (CTL is CD8 T lymphocytes).

 Perforin is a cytolytic protein found in CTLs and NK cells (natural killer cells), Mice that have perforin knockout gene show no heart damage when infected with Coxsackie B3. 

 Herpes stromal keratitis most common cause of blindness in developed countries is also mediated by CD4+ Th1 cells. In this case virus replicates in corneal epithelium but that is not the cause of the disease. The disease is caused by CD4+ Th1 which produces cytokines as a result of infection in epithelium. 
Poxes, rashes (caused by measles, smallpox,varicella zoster) are also immunopathology mediated.

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